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The term 'organic powders' in X-ray classifications specifically refers to biological materials that are derived from living organisms, such as food products, flour, or other similar substances. These materials are typically carbon-based and can be found in various forms, including powders. Identifying organic powders in security screenings is crucial for differentiating between types of materials, especially in contexts like customs and airport security where understanding the nature of the items being scanned is important for safety and regulatory compliance.

The other options do not align with this definition. Plastic bags and synthetic materials fall under man-made items rather than organic substances. Non-biodegradable substances can encompass a range of synthetic materials, but the term 'organic powders' specifically indicates a biological origin. Metals and alloys, being inorganic materials, do not qualify as organic powders either.